环境设置
前言
新开个坑，本系列主要是《C++程序设计实践与技巧：测试驱动开发》一书的学习记录，由于笔记是在 2020 年就完成了。本次将其进行了一些细节修订、图片优化后同步到 blog 上，因此有些时间会对不上，不要在意这些细节无伤大雅 😂。
图床我是自建在 github 上用的 CDN 加速，如果有图片刷不出来的情况可以邮件我，看到了我会处理的。
或者直接看我的笔记也可以，觉得不错的来个 star 吧 😊。
实例程序
书中主要使用了两种测试框架 GMock 与 CppUTest，但是学习过程中希望 Catch 替换掉 CppUTest 与 GMock 并存的方式。
- Wait，没想到上来就有个大差异，最近 Catch2 已经发布 v3 了。一次史无前例的破坏性更新，本文还是继续使用 v2 lastest 稳定版本，如果想要尝试切换参考官方给出的移植建议。
编译器
主要在 Ubuntu20.04 system 下，使用 Clang-11 为编译器前端，Gun 的 ld 为连接器。
- 两年过去了，我也抛弃了 Ubuntu 改用 Mac 了。你变成了你最讨厌的样子。
- 话说 LLVM 都更新到 14 了（此文编写日），
不过不用担心编译器问题，本系列的代码没有需要特殊语法的地方，即使切换了 Catch2 v3 也只需要 C++14 标准即可。不过我还是要说 LLVM 永远的神。
~/WorkSpace
❯ ls /bin/ld -l
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 19 Apr 7 2020 /bin/ld -> x86_64-linux-gnu-ld
~/WorkSpace
❯ clang -v
clang version 11.0.0 (https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project.git 0160ad802e899c2922bc9b29564080c22eb0908c)
Target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /usr/bin
Found candidate GCC installation: /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/8
Found candidate GCC installation: /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9
Found candidate GCC installation: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/8
Found candidate GCC installation: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9
Selected GCC installation: /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9
Candidate multilib: .;@m64
Selected multilib: .;@m64
CMake
使用 CMake 支持跨平台编译。
~/WorkSpace
❯ cmake -version
cmake version 3.16.3
CMake suite maintained and supported by Kitware (kitware.com/cmake).
Google Mock & Catch2
安装不在赘述，Google Mock 的版本信息如下：
/usr/local/lib/cmake/GTest
❯ ls
GTestConfig.cmake GTestConfigVersion.cmake GTestTargets-noconfig.cmake GTestTargets.cmake
/usr/local/lib/cmake/GTest
❯ dpkg -l | grep googletest
ii googletest 1.10.0-2 all Google's C++ test framework sources
Catch2 版本信息如下：
/usr/local/lib/cmake/Catch2
❯ ls
Catch.cmake Catch2ConfigVersion.cmake Catch2Targets.cmake ParseAndAddCatchTests.cmake
Catch2Config.cmake Catch2Targets-noconfig.cmake CatchAddTests.cmake
/usr/local/lib/cmake/Catch2
❯ vim Catch2ConfigVersion.cmake
>>> set(PACKAGE_VERSION "2.13.3")
搭建运行 GMock 与 Catch2 的环境
详见我的项目。
- 快瞧瞧这个青涩的项目，README 写的一塌糊涂，给个 star 吧，让我知道有人在看有动力翻新下。
Json
不打算使用 JsonCPP 切换为开源的 Json for modern c++。
- 爱用哪个都行，换成 MDJSON 纯粹是喜欢 Only Header。
Install the project...
-- Install configuration: ""
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/include
-- Installing: /usr/local/include/nlohmann
-- Installing: /usr/local/include/nlohmann/json.hpp
-- Installing: /usr/local/lib/cmake/nlohmann_json/nlohmann_jsonConfig.cmake
-- Installing: /usr/local/lib/cmake/nlohmann_json/nlohmann_jsonConfigVersion.cmake
-- Installing: /usr/local/lib/cmake/nlohmann_json/nlohmann_jsonTargets.cmake
-- Installing: /usr/local/lib/pkgconfig/nlohmann_json.pc
libcurl
开源代码安装
~/Tools/curl-7.74.0/build
❯ sudo make install -j32
[ 73%] Built target libcurl
[100%] Built target curl
Install the project...
-- Install configuration: ""
-- Installing: /usr/local/lib/libcurl.a
-- Installing: /usr/local/bin/curl
-- Installing: /usr/local/bin/curl-config
-- Installing: /usr/local/lib/pkgconfig/libcurl.pc
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/include/curl
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/include/curl/curl.h
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/include/curl/curlver.h
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/include/curl/easy.h
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/include/curl/mprintf.h
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/include/curl/multi.h
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/include/curl/options.h
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/include/curl/stdcheaders.h
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/include/curl/system.h
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/include/curl/typecheck-gcc.h
-- Up-to-date: /usr/local/include/curl/urlapi.h
-- Old export file "/usr/local/lib/cmake/CURL/CURLTargets.cmake" will be replaced. Removing files [/usr/local/lib/cmake/CURL/CURLTargets-noconfig.cmake].
-- Installing: /usr/local/lib/cmake/CURL/CURLTargets.cmake
-- Installing: /usr/local/lib/cmake/CURL/CURLTargets-noconfig.cmake
-- Installing: /usr/local/lib/cmake/CURL/CURLConfigVersion.cmake
-- Installing: /usr/local/lib/cmake/CURL/CURLConfig.cmake
Boost
Boost 直接通过 apt-get 安装管理：
- 被 apt 版本管理折磨的退坑，是我不配 😭。
~/Tools
❯ dpkg -l | grep boost
ii libboost-atomic1.71-dev:amd64 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 atomic data types, operations, and memory ordering constraints
ii libboost-atomic1.71.0:amd64 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 atomic data types, operations, and memory ordering constraints
ii libboost-chrono1.71-dev:amd64 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 C++ representation of time duration, time point, and clocks
ii libboost-chrono1.71.0:amd64 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 C++ representation of time duration, time point, and clocks
ii libboost-container1.71-dev:amd64 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 C++ library that implements several well-known containers - dev files
ii libboost-container1.71.0:amd64 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 C++ library that implements several well-known containers
ii libboost-context1.71-dev:amd64 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 provides a sort of cooperative multitasking on a single thread
ii libboost-context1.71.0:amd64 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 provides a sort of cooperative multitasking on a single thread
ii libboost-coroutine1.71-dev:amd64 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 provides a sort of cooperative multitasking on a single thread
ii libboost-coroutine1.71.0:amd64 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 provides a sort of cooperative multitasking on a single thread
ii libboost-date-time1.71-dev:amd64 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 set of date-time libraries based on generic programming concepts
ii libboost-date-time1.71.0:amd64 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 set of date-time libraries based on generic programming concepts
ii libboost-exception1.71-dev:amd64 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 library to help write exceptions and handlers
ii libboost-fiber1.71-dev:amd64 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 cooperatively-scheduled micro-/userland-threads
ii libboost-fiber1.71.0:amd64 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 cooperatively-scheduled micro-/userland-threads
ii libboost-filesystem1.71-dev:amd64 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 filesystem operations (portable paths, iteration over directories, etc) in C++
ii libboost-filesystem1.71.0:amd64 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 filesystem operations (portable paths, iteration over directories, etc) in C++
ii libboost-graph-parallel1.71-dev 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 generic graph components and algorithms in C++
ii libboost-graph-parallel1.71.0 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 generic graph components and algorithms in C++
ii libboost-graph1.71-dev:amd64 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 generic graph components and algorithms in C++
ii libboost-graph1.71.0:amd64 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 generic graph components and algorithms in C++
ii libboost-iostreams1.71-dev:amd64 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 Boost.Iostreams Library development files
ii libboost-iostreams1.71.0:amd64 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 Boost.Iostreams Library
ii libboost-locale1.71-dev:amd64 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 C++ facilities for localization
ii libboost-locale1.71.0:amd64 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 C++ facilities for localization
ii libboost-log1.71-dev 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 C++ logging library
ii libboost-log1.71.0 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 C++ logging library
ii libboost-math1.71-dev:amd64 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 Boost.Math Library development files
ii libboost-math1.71.0:amd64 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 Boost.Math Library
ii libboost-mpi-python1.71-dev 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 C++ interface to the Message Passing Interface (MPI), Python Bindings
ii libboost-mpi-python1.71.0 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 C++ interface to the Message Passing Interface (MPI), Python Bindings
ii libboost-mpi1.71-dev 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 C++ interface to the Message Passing Interface (MPI)
ii libboost-mpi1.71.0 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 C++ interface to the Message Passing Interface (MPI)
ii libboost-numpy1.71-dev 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 Boost.Python NumPy extensions development files
ii libboost-numpy1.71.0 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 Boost.Python NumPy extensions
ii libboost-program-options1.71-dev:amd64 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 program options library for C++
ii libboost-program-options1.71.0:amd64 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 program options library for C++
ii libboost-python1.71-dev 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 Boost.Python Library development files
ii libboost-python1.71.0 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 Boost.Python Library
ii libboost-random1.71-dev:amd64 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 Boost Random Number Library
ii libboost-random1.71.0:amd64 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 Boost Random Number Library
ii libboost-regex1.71-dev:amd64 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 regular expression library for C++
ii libboost-regex1.71.0:amd64 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 regular expression library for C++
ii libboost-serialization1.71-dev:amd64 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 serialization library for C++
ii libboost-serialization1.71.0:amd64 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 serialization library for C++
ii libboost-stacktrace1.71-dev:amd64 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 library to capture and print stack traces - development files
ii libboost-stacktrace1.71.0:amd64 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 library to capture and print stack traces
ii libboost-system1.71-dev:amd64 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 Operating system (e.g. diagnostics support) library
ii libboost-system1.71.0:amd64 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 Operating system (e.g. diagnostics support) library
ii libboost-test1.71-dev:amd64 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 components for writing and executing test suites
ii libboost-test1.71.0:amd64 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 components for writing and executing test suites
ii libboost-thread1.71-dev:amd64 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 portable C++ multi-threadingii libboost-thread1.71.0:amd64 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 portable C++ multi-threadingii libboost-timer1.71-dev:amd64 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 C++ wall clock and CPU process timers
ii libboost-timer1.71.0:amd64 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 C++ wall clock and CPU process timers
ii libboost-type-erasure1.71-dev:amd64 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 C++ runtime polymorphism based on concepts
ii libboost-type-erasure1.71.0:amd64 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 C++ runtime polymorphism based on concepts
ii libboost-wave1.71-dev:amd64 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 C99/C++ preprocessor libraryii libboost-wave1.71.0:amd64 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 C99/C++ preprocessor libraryii libboost1.71-all-dev 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 Boost C++ Libraries development files (ALL)
ii libboost1.71-dev:amd64 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 Boost C++ Libraries development files
ii libboost1.71-doc 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 all Boost.org libraries documentation placeholder
ii libboost1.71-tools-dev 1.71.0-6ubuntu6 amd64 Boost C++ Libraries development tools
总结
本文主要展示了后边文章中所需要的一些三方库、安装等示例，继续吐槽 C++ 没有统一的包管理器（对着 Cargo 流口水）。
- 看到以前写的笔记还是感慨良多。有时看书实在太功利了，总想这去读对自己有用的，但是当能判断出这书有用了其实反而对于知识、眼界的扩展是有限的。
- 在阅读本书时，无论工作内容还是什么其他方面完全没有测试代码的意识，在钢丝上行走小心翼翼的维护者脆弱的代码。随着经验的增加越来越能体会到测试代码的重要性，已经记不得当时学习这本书的动机了，但是以现在的眼光来看当时的决定对我的帮助无疑是巨大的。
- 最后引用一句忘记了从那本书看到的话：你读过的每一本书，最后都会变成你的血与肉。
